Three Brothers Wattle has an extraordinarily restricted natural distribution. In the wild, Acacia courtii is confined to the Three Brothers mountains on the NSW Mid North Coast, with populations associated with North Brother, Middle Brother and South Brother Mountains. Its common name is therefore a direct reflection of the landscape from which it comes.
The species grows naturally on rocky slopes and shallow soils within dry forest and woodland. The Three Brothers mountain chain also carries deep cultural significance. Parts of the range are recognised within the Three Brothers Mountains Aboriginal Place, reflecting the cultural, spiritual and historical importance of this landscape to local Aboriginal people.
Although botanical specimens had been encountered earlier, Acacia courtii was formally described as a distinct species in 1990 by Australian botanists Mary Tindale and Clare Herscovitch. The name courtii honours Australian botanist and Acacia specialist Arthur Bertram Court.
Its extraordinarily limited wild distribution also has important conservation consequences. Acacia courtii is now listed as Endangered in New South Wales and nationally. Cultivated provenance is therefore particularly important for growers and botanical collectors. Wild populations should never be treated as a source of commercial seed.